[1] Finn L.D., Maher J.V., & Gupta H. (2003). The Cell
Spar and Vortex Induced Vibrations. Paper Presented at
the Proceeding of the Offshore Technology Conference
(USA), Houston, Texas.
https://doi.org/10.4043/15244-MS
[2] Holmes S. (2009). Predicting Spar VIM Using CFD.
Paper Presented at ASME 2008 27th International
Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic
Engineering (Portugal), Estoril (pp. 895-900).
https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2008-57706
[3] Roddier, D., Finnigan, T, & Liapis, S. (2009)
Influence of the Reynolds Number on Spar Vortex
Induced Motions (VIM): Multiple Scale Model Test
Comparisons. Paper Presented at the Proceeding of
Proceedings of the ASME 2009 28th International
Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering
(USA), Honolulu, Hawaii, (5, pp. 797-806).
https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2009-79991
[4] Shalabe, A., Kamal, AY., Nabeeh, & N., Samy, M.
(2025). A comparison of the dynamic characteristics
of the spar and TLP offshore structures under irregular
waves, experimentally. Benha Journal of Engineering
Science and Technology, 1(1),105-116.
https://doi.org/10.21608/bjest.2025.445860
[5] Chakrabatri, S.K. (2005). Handbook of Offshore
Engineering. Plainfield, IL, USA, Volume I, 563.
[6] Sukarnoor, N. I. M., Quen L. K., Abu A., Kuwano,
N., Hooi-Siang, K., & Desa S. M. (2021). The
effectiveness of helical strakes in suppressing Vortexinduced
Vibration of tandem circular Cylinders
Guidelines for CFD Simulations of SPAR VIM. Ain
Shams Engineering Journal, 13(1), 101502.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.05.016
[7] Speight, James G. (2011). Handbook of Offshore
Oil and Gas Operations. Elsevier Ltd.
ISBN: 978-1-85617-558-6
[8] Quen, L. K., Abu A., Kato N., Muhamad P.,
Sahekhaini, A., & Abdullah, H. (2013). Investigation
on the effectiveness of helical strakes in suppressing
VIV of flexible riser. Applied Ocean Research, 44,82-
91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2013.11.006
[9] Magee, A., Sablok A., & Gebara J., (2003). Mooring
Design for Directional Spar Hull VIV. Paper Presented
at the Proceeding of the Offshore Technology
Conference (USA), Houston, Texas.
https://doi.org/10.4043/15243-MS
[10] Huang, K ., & Chen X, (2003). The Impact of
Vortex-Induced Motions on Mooring System Design
for Spar-based Installations. Paper Presented at the
Proceeding of the Offshore Technology Conference
(USA), Houston, Texas.
https://doi.org/10.4043/15245-MS
[11] Nallayarasu, S., Sreeraj, R., & Murali, M. (2014).
Effect of hull geometry on the hydrodynamic response
of spar in regular waves. Ships and Offshore Structures,
9(1),22–37.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2012.704172
[12] Yung, T.W., Sandström R. E., Slocum S. T., Ding
Z. J., & Lokken R. T. (2004). Advancement of Spar
VIV Prediction. Paper presented at the Offshore
Technology Conference (USA), Houston, Texas.
https://doi.org/10.4043/16343-MS
[13] Carpenter, C. (2020). The Spar Platform: A Design
That Transformed Deepwater Development. Petroleum
Technology (JPT), 72(09),76–77.
https://doi.org/10.2118/0920-0076-JPT
[14] Clement, P., Mat Saad, KA., Zakaria, A., Zharif
Ikhmal Mohamad, M., Bahadur Rana, P., La Rosa, D.,
& Scandura, P. (2025). Advanced Engineering and
Sustainable Solutions. Springer Nature Link, Cham.
ISBN: 978-3-031-81127-2
[15] Rahman, M. A., Leggoe, J., Thiagarajan, K.,
Mohd, M. H., and Paik, J. K. (2015). Numerical
simulations of vortex-induced vibrations on vertical
cylindrical structure with different aspect ratios. Ships
and Offshore Structures 11(4), 405-423.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2015.1013783
[16] Ding, Z.J., Balasubramanian, S., Lokken, R.T., &
T.W. Yung, (2004). Lift and Damping Characteristics
of Bare and Straked Cylinders at Riser Scale Reynolds
Numbers. Paper presented at the Offshore Technology
Conference (USA), Houston, Texas.
https://doi.org/10.4043/16341-MS
[17] Iwan, W.D., & Blevins, R. D., (1974). A model for
vortex induced oscillation of structure. The American
Society of Mechanical Engineering, Applied
Mechanics, 41(3): 581-586.
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3423352
[18] Irani, M., Perryman, S., Brewer, J., & McNeill S.,
(2009, July). Vortex Induced Motions of the Horn
Mountain Truss Spar. Paper Presented at the
Proceeding of Proceedings of the ASME 2009 28th
International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and
Arctic Engineering (Portugal), Estoril (pp. 967-973).
https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2008-57992
[19] Tang, Y., Li Y., Liu L., Jin, W., & Qu Xi., (2009,
June). Study on Influence of Vortex Induced Loads on
the Motion of Spar-Type Wind Turbine Based on Aero-
Hydro-Vortex-Mooring Coupled Model. Paper
Presented at the Proceeding of Proceedings of the
ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean,
Offshore and Arctic Engineering (Portugal), Estoril
(pp. 797-806). https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2017-
62620
[20] Blevins, Robert D. (1994). Flow-induced vibration
(2th ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. ISBN:
978-0-08-044954-8
